Review the Research
Get summaries of key research on vitamin D and COVID-19
Study Summaries
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Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review Gallery
Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19
Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review
Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review Take Home Message In this systematic review of publications studying vitamin D
Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 infection severity: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 infection severity: Systematic review and meta-analysis Take Home Message In this meta-analysis it is suggested that Vitamin D deficiency
A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of vitamin D levels on the incidence of COVID-19
A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of vitamin D levels on the incidence of COVID-19 Take Home Message This meta-analysis reported that there is a
The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Take Home Message This meta-analysis suggests that sufficient vitamin D level in serum
Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis
Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message This meta-analysis reported a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of
Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Take Home Message This meta-analysis suggested that there is a
Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Low vitamin D status is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message Vitamin D deficiency and obesity increases risk
Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Take Home Message Vitamin D supplementation might be associated with improved clinical outcomes
The role of vitamin D in the age of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The role of vitamin D in the age of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message Low vitamin D status may influence whether or
The link between COVID-19 and Vitamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The link between COVID-19 and Vitamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message This meta-analysis suggested that there is no statistical association between
Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies
Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies Take Home Message Vitamin D deficiency and
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message This systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 studies found no significant difference
Short term, high-dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease: a randomised, placebo-controlled, study (SHADE study).
In this 40 person randomized, placebo-controlled study in India a greater proportion of vitamin D-deficient individuals with mildly symptomatic COVID-19 infections tested COVID-19 negative...
Effect of a single high dose of Vitamin D3 on cytokines, chemokines and growth factor in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19
Effect of a single high dose of Vitamin D3 on cytokines, chemokines and growth factor in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 Take Home Message A
A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe.
A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. Take Home Message In this study,
Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19
Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19 Take Home Message The data from this study provides evidence that vitamin
Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Blood Glucose and BMI in COVID-19 Patients, Predicting Disease Severity
Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Blood Glucose and BMI in COVID-19 Patients, Predicting Disease Severity Take Home Message High
Evaluation of the relationship between serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19
Evaluation of the relationship between serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 Take Home Message Though the results
Seasonal UV exposure and vitamin D: association with the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Europe
Seasonal UV exposure and vitamin D: association with the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Europe Take Home Message Low UV exposure can affect the required production
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID‑19 risk: a population‑based, cohort study
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID‑19 risk: a population‑based, cohort study Take Home Message Supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol helped subject to achieve serum 25OHD levels ≥30 ng/ml
Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality
Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality Take Home Message Vitamin D deficiency has a significant dose-response relationship with adverse clinical outcomes of
How did Vitamin D Levels of Children Change During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-pandemic/Pandemic Periods due to Seasonal Differences
How did Vitamin D Levels of Children Change During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-pandemic/Pandemic Periods due to Seasonal Differences Take Home Message Vitamin D levels of
Seasonal UV exposure and vitamin D: association with the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Europe
Seasonal UV exposure and vitamin D: association with the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Europe Take Home Message Low UV exposure can affect the required production
Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity? – a systematic review
Does vitamin D supplementation reduce COVID-19 severity? - a systematic review Take Home Message This systematic review reports that vitamin D supplementation is effective in reducing
Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review
Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review Take Home Message In this systematic review of publications studying vitamin D
Impact of the vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 infection and mortality in Asian countries
Impact of the vitamin D deficiency on COVID-19 infection and mortality in Asian countries. Take Home Message The number of COVID-19 infections and mortalities per 1
Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 infection severity: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Association of vitamin D deficiency with COVID-19 infection severity: Systematic review and meta-analysis Take Home Message In this meta-analysis it is suggested that Vitamin D deficiency
A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of vitamin D levels on the incidence of COVID-19
A systematic review and meta-analysis of effect of vitamin D levels on the incidence of COVID-19 Take Home Message This meta-analysis reported that there is a
The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Take Home Message This meta-analysis suggests that sufficient vitamin D level in serum
Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis
Vitamin D deficiency aggravates COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message This meta-analysis reported a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of
Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Take Home Message This meta-analysis suggested that there is a
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID‑19 risk: a population‑based, cohort study
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID‑19 risk: a population‑based, cohort study Take Home Message Supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol helped subject to achieve serum 25OHD levels ≥30 ng/ml
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Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review Gallery
Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Changes in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels post‐vitamin D supplementation in people of Black and Asian ethnicities and its implications during COVID‐19
Impact of daily high dose oral vitamin D therapy on the inflammatory markers in patients with COVID 19 disease
Impact of daily high dose oral vitamin D therapy on the inflammatory markers in patients with COVID 19 disease. Take Home Message In a prospective open-label
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Take Home Message This systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 studies found no significant difference
COVID-19 severity in relation to sociodemographics and vitamin D use
COVID-19 severity in relation to sociodemographics and vitamin D use. Take Home Message The aims of this observational study of 428 recovered COVID-19 patients in Iraq,
Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length
A high, single oral dose of 200,000 IU vitamin D3, compared to placebo, did not significantly reduce hospital length of stay in moderately to severely ill hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Brazil during the study period of June-August 2020.
Vitamin D supplementation and outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients from the outbreak area of Lombardy, Italy
This study did not find a benefit associated with vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 patients but did identify that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for higher in-patient mortality.
Habitual use of vitamin D supplements and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a prospective study in UK Biobank
In this prospective study, the self-reported use of vitamin D supplements was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection, independent of lifestyle, socio-economic status, prevalent chronic diseases and circulating...
Effectiveness of In-Hospital Cholecalciferol Use
Results from this retrospective analysis demonstrate that two consecutive doses of 200,000 IU cholecalciferol (total of 400,000 IU) can significantly improve the outcome in patients affected by COVID-19 that are also burdened with three or more...
A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe.
A critical update on the role of mild and serious vitamin D deficiency prevalence and the COVID-19 epidemic in Europe. Take Home Message In this study,
Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19
Analysis of serum cytokine and protective vitamin D levels in severe cases of COVID-19 Take Home Message The data from this study provides evidence that vitamin
Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Blood Glucose and BMI in COVID-19 Patients, Predicting Disease Severity
Vitamin D Levels are Associated with Blood Glucose and BMI in COVID-19 Patients, Predicting Disease Severity Take Home Message High
Evaluation of the relationship between serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19
Evaluation of the relationship between serum levels of zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 Take Home Message Though the results
Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality
Association of Vitamin D Status and COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality Take Home Message Vitamin D deficiency has a significant dose-response relationship with adverse clinical outcomes of
How did Vitamin D Levels of Children Change During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-pandemic/Pandemic Periods due to Seasonal Differences
How did Vitamin D Levels of Children Change During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-pandemic/Pandemic Periods due to Seasonal Differences Take Home Message Vitamin D levels of
Vitamin D and COVID-19 Infection
Vitamin D and COVID-19 Infection Take Home Message Vitamin D deficiency and obesity increases risk of testing positive for COVID-19. Results
Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients?
Does vitamin D serum level affect prognosis of COVID-19 patients? Take Home Message In a cross-sectional study of 329 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Iran from March–July
Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients
Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients Take Home Message In this single-center retrospective study of 26 COVID-19 patients in Germany with acute respiratory
Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19.
Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID-19. Take Home Message Older patients with COVID-19 infection and vitamin D deficiency (≤30 nmol/L) have
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Serum Levels of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in a Cohort of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients of a North American Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit in May 2020: A Pilot Study. Gallery
Serum Levels of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in a Cohort of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients of a North American Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit in May 2020: A Pilot Study.
Serum Levels of Vitamin C and Vitamin D in a Cohort of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients of a North American Community Hospital Intensive Care Unit in May 2020: A Pilot Study.
Results of this pilot study support the need for further research to determine if vitamin C and vitamin D status should be assessed upon admission for COVID-19...
COVID-19 mortality increases with northerly latitude after adjustment for age suggesting a link with ultraviolet and vitamin D.
This study investigated the relationships between latitude, age of population, population density and pollution with COVID-19 mortality. The proportion of older people...
Prevalence of obesity and hypovitaminosis D in elderly with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
In elderly patients in Brazil testing positive for COVID-19 admitted to an ICU there was a high prevalence of obesity and low vitamin D levels. Whether or not the obesity and...
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Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study. Gallery
Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study.
Vitamin D Supplementation Associated to Better Survival in Hospitalized Frail Elderly COVID-19 Patients: The GERIA-COVID Quasi-Experimental Study.
Large oral doses of vitamin D taken in the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis were associated with less severe disease and better survival in frail elderly patients in France...
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Mortality in an Italian nursing home during COVID-19 pandemic: correlation with gender, age, ADL, vitamin D supplementation, and limitations of the diagnostic tests Gallery
Mortality in an Italian nursing home during COVID-19 pandemic: correlation with gender, age, ADL, vitamin D supplementation, and limitations of the diagnostic tests
Mortality in an Italian nursing home during COVID-19 pandemic: correlation with gender, age, ADL, vitamin D supplementation, and limitations of the diagnostic tests
This observational study identified an inverse relationship between vitamin D treatment and COVID-19 related mortality: those receiving vitamin D supplementation...
Vitamin D and Lung Outcomes in Elderly COVID-19 Patients
In this retrospective cross-sectional study of 65 elderly patients serum, Vitamin D deficiency was associated with more severe lung involvement, longer disease duration, and risk of death in elderly COVID-19 patients.
Impact of vitamin D on the course of COVID-19 during pregnancy: A case control study
Impact of vitamin D on the course of COVID-19 during pregnancy: A case control study Take Home Message Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor
Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review
Low vitamin D levels and prognosis in a COVID-19 pediatric population: a systematic review Take Home Message In this systematic review of publications studying vitamin D
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The association between vitamin D levels and the clinical severity and inflammation markers in pediatric COVID-19 patients: single-center experience from a pandemic hospital Gallery
The association between vitamin D levels and the clinical severity and inflammation markers in pediatric COVID-19 patients: single-center experience from a pandemic hospital
The association between vitamin D levels and the clinical severity and inflammation markers in pediatric COVID-19 patients: single-center experience from a pandemic hospital
The association between vitamin D levels and the clinical severity and inflammation markers in pediatric COVID-19 patients: single-center experience from a pandemic hospital. Take Home Message
Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for COVID‐19 in children?
There is a potential connection between vitamin D level and COVID-19, but more studies in children are needed before any conclusions can be drawn.
Ongoing Studies
Explore current trials being conducted around the world focused on vitamin D and COVID-19.
Title | Status | Conditions | Interventions | Location |
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Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnant Women at Risk and COVID-19 | Not yet recruiting | • Pregnancy Complications • Covid19 |
• Vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women | • Maria Jose Aguilar Cordero, Granada, Spain |
Clinical Outcomes of High Dose Vitamin D Versus Standard Dose in COVID-19 Egyptian Patients | Recruiting | • Covid19 • Corona Virus Infection • Cytokine Storm • Vitamin D Deficiency |
• Teachers Hospital, Cairo, Egypt | |
Effect of Vitamin D on Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 Infection | Recruiting | • Covid19 | • Cholecalciferol • Placebo |
• CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium |
Baseline Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Disease Severity | Recruiting | • Vitamin D Deficiency • Covid19 |
• Vitamin D | • Parkview Medical Center, Pueblo, Colorado, United States |
Efficacy of Vitamin D Treatment in Mortality Reduction Due to COVID-19. | Recruiting | • SAR • SARS Pneumonia |
• Vitamin D • PLACEBO |
• Joaquín Durán Cantolla, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain |
Vitamin D3 Supplementation to Prevent Respiratory Tract Infections | Recruiting | • Respiratory Tract Infections • Covid19 • Flu Like Illness |
• Vitamin D supplementation | • Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, United States |
Trial of Vitamin D to Reduce Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and Other Acute Respiratory Infections | Active, not recruiting | • Covid19 • Acute Respiratory Tract Infection |
• Vitamin D | • Queen Mary University of London, London, County (optional), United Kingdom |
Effect of Vitamin D on Morbidity and Mortality of the COVID-19 | Recruiting | • COVID-19 | • Cholecalciferol | • Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 Trial | Recruiting | • COVID-19 | • vitamin D • Placebo |
• Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
High Dose Vitamin-D Substitution in Patients With COVID-19: a Randomized Controlled, Multi Center Study | Recruiting | • Covid19 • Vitamin D Deficiency • Corona Virus Infection • ARDS • Coronavirus • SARS-CoV Infection |
• Single high dose vitamin D • Placebo • Treatment as usual vitamin D |
• Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, AG, Switzerland • Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal, Liestal, BL, Switzerland • Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Saint Gallen, SG, Switzerland |
Vitamin D Status and Immune-inflammatory Status in Different UK Populations With COVID-19 Infection | Not yet recruiting | • Covid19 | • no intervention | • GSTT NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom |
Efficacy of Vitamin D Treatment in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized by COVID-19 | Recruiting | • Covid19 • Vitamin D • Children, Only |
• Cholecalciferol | • Hospital Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico |
Tele-health Enabled Clinical Trial for COVID-19 | Not yet recruiting | • SARS-CoV Infection | • Vitamin D3 or Placebo • Doctella telehealth monitoring |
• Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States |
N-terminal Pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Vitamin D Levels as Prognostic Markers in COVID-19 Pneumonia | Recruiting | • COVID19 Pneumonia | • Pro BNP , Vitamin D | • Kasr Alainy Cairo University, Cairo, Giza, Egypt |
Prevention of COVID-19 With Oral Vitamin D Supplemental Therapy in Essential Healthcare Teams | Recruiting | • COVID-19 | • Placebo • Vitamin D |
• CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada • CHU Sainte-Justine (CHUSJ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
Vitamin D Supplementation in the Prevention and Mitigation of COVID-19 Infection | Recruiting | • COVID-19 • Vitamin D Deficiency • Respiratory Viral Infection |
• Daily Vitamin D3 • Daily placebo • Bolus vitamin D3 • Bolus placebo |
• Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States |
The Effect of D3 on Selected Cytokines Involved in Cytokine Storm in the Covid-19 Uninfected Jordanian People | Enrolling by invitation | • Cytokine Storm | • Vitamin D3 | • Mahmoud S Abu-Samak, Amman, Jordan |
Influence of Military Preventive Policy for reCruit Training on COVID-19 Seroconversion | Recruiting | • SARS-CoV Infection • Vitamin D Deficiency • Covid19 • Acute Respiratory Tract Infection |
• Vitamin D | • Headingley and City campuses, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom • Infantry Training Centre Catterick, Catterick Garrison, United Kingdom |
Short Term, High Dose Vitamin D Supplementation for COVID-19 | Active, not recruiting | • COVID | • Vit D | • Deptt of Endocrinology, Chandigarh, India |
Cholecalciferol to Improve the Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients | Recruiting | • COVID | • Vitamin D • Placebo |
• Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
Do Vitamin D Levels Really Correlated With Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients? | Enrolling by invitation | • COVID | • vitamin d | • Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Dogankoy, Turkey |
Oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and COVID-19 | Recruiting | • COVID 19 | • Oral 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 | • Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of |
Investigating the Role of Vitamin D in the Morbidity of COVID-19 Patients | Not yet recruiting | • COVID-19 • Vitamin D Deficiency |
• Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom | |
Vitamin D and COVID-19 Management | Not yet recruiting | • COVID-19 | • Ddrops® products, 50,000 IU, Oral • Vitamin D3 |
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VITACOV: Vitamin D Polymorphisms and Severity of COVID-19 Infection | Not yet recruiting | • COVID-19 | • Exposure | • Cardiovascular Center at Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal • Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal • Centro Hospitalar de São João, Oporto, Portugal |
C0vid-19 and Vitamin D Supplementation: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of High Dose Versus Standard Dose Vitamin D3 in High-risk COVID-19 Patients (CoVitTrial) | Recruiting | • Coronavirus | • cholecalciferol 200,000 IU • cholecalciferol 50,000 IU |
• CHU Angers, Angers, France • CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France • CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France • CHU Lille, Lille, France • CHU Limoges, Limoges, France • CHU Nantes, Nantes, France • CHU Nice, Nice, France • CHU Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France • CH Saumur, Saumur, France • CHU Tours, Tours, France |
Vitamin D on Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 | Not yet recruiting | • Patients Infected With COVID-19 | • Vitamin D | • Universidad de Granada, Granada, Andalucia, Spain • Medicine Faculty, Granada, Spain |
The Importance of Vitamin D
What percentage of Americans are vitamin D deficient or insufficient?
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be 28.9% and vitamin D insufficiency 41% in a subset of 26,010 US adults surveyed as part of the ongoing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2010.1 Vitamin D deficiency is a major health concern because it has been linked to depression, fatigue, muscle aches, increased risk of respiratory infections, autoimmune disorders, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, increased risk of infection and some cancers. Vitamin D insufficiency has been associated with reduced calcium absorption, decreased bone density, potential mild decrease of the blood calcium level, accelerated bone resorption, an increased risk of falls, and potentially fractures. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency can seriously affect a person’s quality of life.2,3,4
How is vitamin D different than other vitamins?
Who is more at risk of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency?
What is the importance of vitamin D in the body?
- Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. British Journal of Nutrition. 2018;119(8):928-936.
- Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: a forgotten hormone important for health. Public health reviews. 2010;32(1):267-283.
- Amrein K, Scherkl M, Hoffmann M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2020;74(11):1498-1513.
- MacLaughlin J, Holick MF. Aging decreases the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest. 1985;76(4):1536-1538.)
- Kweder H, Eidi H. Vitamin D deficiency in elderly: Risk factors and drugs impact on vitamin D status. Avicenna J Med. 2018;8(4):139-146. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_20_18). 3. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/#h5
- Emmanuel M. K. Awumey, Devashis A. Mitra, Bruce W. Hollis, Rajiv Kumar, Norman H. Bell, Vitamin D Metabolism Is Altered in Asian Indians in the Southern United States: A Clinical Research Center Study, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1998; 83(1): 169–173, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.1.4514
- Castro JP, Penckofer S. The role of vitamin D in the health of Hispanic adults with diabetes. Hisp Health Care Int. 2014;12(2):90-8. doi: 10.1891/1540-4153.12.2.90. PMID: 24871915.
- Sassi F, Tamone C, D’Amelio P. Vitamin D: nutrient, hormone, and immunomodulator. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1656.
- Hewlings SJ, Medeiros DM. Nutrition: Real People, Real Choices. Pearson Prentice Hall; 2009.
- Elliott ME, Binkley NC, Carnes M, Zimmerman DR, Petersen K, Knapp K, Behlke JM, Ahmann N, Kieser MA. Fracture risks for women in long-term care: high prevalence of calcaneal osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D. Pharmacotherapy. 2003; Jun;23(6):702-10.
- Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The “sunshine” vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012; Apr;3(2):118-26.
- Bilezikian JP, Bikle D, Hewison M, et al.Mechanisms in Endocrinology: Vitamin D and COVID-19. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2020;183(5):R133-r147.
- van Etten E, Mathieu C. Immunoregulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: basic concepts. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2005;97(1-2):93-101.
- Ginde AA, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA, Jr. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and upper respiratory tract infection in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Archives of internal medicine. 2009;169(4):384-390.
- A Kempker, J., & S Martin, G. Vitamin D and sepsis: from associations to causal connections. Inflammation & Allergy-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Inflammation & Allergy) (Discontinued). 2013; 12(4): 246-252.
- Zdrenghea, M. T., Makrinioti, H., Bagacean, C., Bush, A., Johnston, S. L., and Stanciu, L. A. Vitamin D modulation of innate immune responses to respiratory viral infections, Rev Med Virol. 2017; 27:e1909. doi: 10.1002/rmv.1909.
- Vetter V, Denizer G, Friedland LR, Krishnan J, Shapiro M. Understanding modern-day vaccines: what you need to know. Annals of medicine. 2018;50(2):110-120.
- Cannell JJ, Vieth R, Umhau JC, et al. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiology and infection. 2006;134(6):1129-1140.
- Martineau A R, Jolliffe D A, Hooper R L, Greenberg L, Aloia J F, Bergman P et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data BMJ. 2017; (356):i6583 doi:10.1136/bmj.i6583.
- Zabetakis I, Lordan R, Norton C, Tsoupras A. COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation. Nutrients. 2020 May 19;12(5):1466. doi: 10.3390/nu12051466. PMID: 32438620; PMCID: PMC7284818.
- Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2011;96(1):53-58.
- Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(1):204-210.
- Rosen CJ, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, Durazo-Arvizu RA, et al. IOM committee members respond to Endocrine Society vitamin D guidelines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:1146-52.
- MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-30.
- Amrein K, Scherkl M, Hoffmann M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2020;74(11):1498-1513.
Disclaimer
Information on this website should not be considered medical advice for COVID-19 or any other illness. If you are concerned that you may have COVID-19 or other serious illness, you should contact your healthcare practitioner immediately. Always talk to your healthcare practitioner about any dietary supplements you are taking or plan to take. Click here to learn more about the content on this website.